Annotation
نویسنده
چکیده
Preventive and therapeutic measures introduced and accepted because of their favorable influences in altering the incidence or outcome of specific health problems are likely to have more far-reaching effects than originally envisioned or immediately observed. One unanticipated result may be the emergence, either directly or indirectly, of another disease. The association is often obscure because the related events are infrequent, scattered in time and place, or separated by long and irregular intervals. An example is provided by the delayed and sporadic occurrence, of hepatitis which may follow in the wake of effective therapeutic and preventive uses of blood and blood products. Parenteral transmission of hepatitis viruses probably existed at a low and unrecognized level long before organized vaccination programs and treatment clinics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries afforded appropriate mechanisms for producing large numbers of such infections in limited temporal and spatial settings. Even then an understanding of the etiology evolved rather slowly. Sufficient evidence was available by 1938 to lead Findlay and MacCallum' to conclude that this form of hepatitis, clinically indistinguishable from infectious hepatitis, was transmitted through the medium of human serum or plasma, and that the etiologic agent was almost certain to be a virus that could be present in the sera of "apparently healthy persons who (had) never knowingly suffered from jaundice." These conclusions were substantiated during the next several years by detailed analyses of several epidemics. Among them was one' with which Dr. Beeson was directly concerned as a member of the American Red Cross-Harvard Field Hospital Unit in England. This experience undoubtedly led, soon after his return to the United States, to his search for and description of "cases of jaundice which occurred one to four months after transfusions of whole blood or plasma."' This was the first published report that clearly implicated whole blood in hepatitis transmission and pointed to the probability that the
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
دوره 38 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1966